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HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437
To achieve the triple challenge of food security, reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change, there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural, value-chain practices and decision-making. By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs, provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, enhance plant, microbe and animal biodiversity, and mitigate against climate change. In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability, resilience and provision of ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions. Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients. Additionally, this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions. We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation. We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient, sustainable, and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production, and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425
The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.
关键词： ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau
Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality
Enli WANG, Di HE, Zhigan ZHAO, Chris J. SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 289-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020337
Soils provide the structural support, water and nutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be the foundation of agriculture production. Improving soil quality and soil health has been advocated as the goal of soil management toward sustainable agricultural intensification. There have been renewed efforts to define and quantify soil quality and soil health but establishing a consensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It is argued that such difficulties are due to the former ways of thinking in soil management which largely focus on soil properties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as a key component of agricultural production systems is promoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantified in terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystems services that are also strongly driven by climate and management interventions. A systems modeling approach captures the interactions among climate, soil, crops and management, and their impacts on system performance, thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils. Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. In this systems context, soil management must be an integral part of systems management practices that also include managing the crops and cropping systems under specific climatic conditions, with cognizance of future climate change.
关键词： APSIM available water capacity nitrogen management soil functional properties soil health soil-plant modeling
CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444
Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO2concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH4 started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.
关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期 页码 198-209 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023498
● The contribution of fungal necromass C to SOC increased with aggregate sizes.
关键词： cropland management microbial necromass soil aggregates soil carbon sequestration soil organic matter
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期 页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475
● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.
关键词： plantations land transfer large-scale farming nutrient management soil acidification
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1741-x
● Spartina abundance decreases over time by chemical control.
关键词： Plant invasion Biodiversity Meta-analysis Restoration Salt marshes Treatment timing
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021392
Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.
Rainer HORN, Winfried E. H. BLUM
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 243-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020334
Giulia BONGIORNO
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 257-274 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020323
Developments in soil biology and in methods to characterize soil organic carbon can potentially deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help identify management practices able to sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This work aimed at synthesizing results regarding the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical properties as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil properties, selected through a published literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions [hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon and particulate organic matter carbon], soil disease suppressiveness measured using a - bioassay, nematode communities characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling measured with MicroResp . Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.
关键词： labile carbon long-term field experiments organic matter addition soil biological indicators tillage
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 197-213 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021433
Interactions between above and below ground parts of plants can be considered under the (overlapping) categories of energy, material and information. Solar energy powers photosynthesis and transpiration by above ground structures, and drives most water uptake through roots and supplies energy as organic matter to below ground parts, including diazotrophic symbionts and mycorrhizas. Material transfer occurs as water and dissolved soil-derived elements transport up the xylem, and a small fraction of water moving up the xylem with dissolved organic carbon and other solutes down the phloem. The cytosolic nature of sieve tubes accounts for at least some of the cycling of K, Mg and P down the phloem. NO3– assimilation of above ground parts requires organic N transport down phloem with, in some cases, organic anions related to shoot acid-base regulation. Long-distance information transfer is related development, biotic and abiotic damage, and above and below ground resource excess and limitation. Information transfer can involve hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, with their varying speeds of transmission and information content. Interaction of above and below ground plant parts is an important component of the ecosystem service of storing atmospheric CO2 as organic C in soil, a process that has decreased since the origin of agriculture.
关键词： aerenchyma / carbon accumulation / hormones / phloem / xylem
New approaches for evaluation of soil health, sensitivity and resistance to degradation
Yakov KUZYAKOV, Anna GUNINA, Kazem ZAMANIAN, Jing TIAN, Yu LUO, Xingliang XU, Anna YUDINA, Humberto APONTE, Hattan ALHARBI, Lilit OVSEPYAN, Irina KURGANOVA, Tida GE, Thomas GUILLAUME
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 282-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020338
Assessment of soil health requires complex evaluation of properties and functions responsible for a broad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil quality indices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation of specific groups of soil functions, but comparison of various SQI is impossible because they are based on a combination of specific soil properties. To avoid this problem, we suggest an SQI-area approach based on the comparison of the areas on a radar diagram of a combination of chemical, biological and physical properties. The new approach is independent of the SQI principle and allows rapid and simple comparison of parameter groups and soils. Another approach analyzing the resistance and sensitivity of properties to degradation is suggested for a detailed evaluation of soil health. The resistance and sensitivity of soil properties are determined through comparison with the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC) as a universal parameter responsible for many functions. The SQI-area and resistance/sensitivity approaches were tested based on the recovery of Phaeozems and Chernozems chronosequences after the abandonment of agricultural soils. Both the SQI-area and the resistance/sensitivity approaches are useful for basic and applied research, and for decision-makers to evaluate land-use practices and measure the degree of soil degradation.
关键词： ecosystem stability land quality land degradation soil health soil management soil organic matter
A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期 页码 490-510 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022453
● Progress on nitrogen management in agriculture is overviewed in China.
关键词： 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management
Project management maturity in construction consulting services: Case of Expo in China
Yongkui LI, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期 页码 384-395 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0070-z
关键词： construction consulting services project management maturity model non-process factors Expo
OPPORTUNITIES AND APPROACHES FOR MANIPULATING SOIL-PLANT MICROBIOMES FOR EFFECTIVE CROP NITROGEN USE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期 页码 333-343 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022450
● Matching nitrification inhibitors with soil properties and nitrifiers is vital to achieve a higher NUE.
关键词： nitrogen microbiome NUE rhizosphere phyllosphere soil food web
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR
期刊论文
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
期刊论文
Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality
Enli WANG, Di HE, Zhigan ZHAO, Chris J. SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD
期刊论文
MICROBIAL NECROMASS WITHIN AGGREGATES STABILIZES PHYSICALLY-PROTECTED C RESPONSE TO CROPLAND MANAGEMENT
期刊论文
LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA
期刊论文
A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for species
期刊论文
Effect of land-use management systems on coupled physical and mechanical, chemical and biological soilprocesses: how can we maintain and predict soil properties and functions?
Rainer HORN, Winfried E. H. BLUM
期刊论文
Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective
Giulia BONGIORNO
期刊论文
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
期刊论文
New approaches for evaluation of soil health, sensitivity and resistance to degradation
Yakov KUZYAKOV, Anna GUNINA, Kazem ZAMANIAN, Jing TIAN, Yu LUO, Xingliang XU, Anna YUDINA, Humberto APONTE, Hattan ALHARBI, Lilit OVSEPYAN, Irina KURGANOVA, Tida GE, Thomas GUILLAUME
期刊论文
Project management maturity in construction consulting services: Case of Expo in China
Yongkui LI, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG
期刊论文
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